Issue 4/2023
Kotsev, I.
Clinic of gastroenterology, MBAL – Varna
Hemorrhoids are not varicose structures, but are nodules of vascular structures, smooth muscle, connective tissue, covered with normal epithelium of the anal canal. They develop through epithelial slippage associated with a weakening of the supporting connective tissue and with the prevalence of muscle tone in the area. Pathogenetic factors (constipation, diarrhea, age, lifestyle, diet, genetic factors, etc.), clinical presentation, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and complications are considered. Treatment is discussed, including: diet, topical treatment, systemic medications, invasive procedures (ligation, electrocoagulation, sclerotherapy, high-frequency therapy, laser therapy, cryotherapy), surgery, and also prophylactic measures.
Address for correspodnce:
Kotzev, I.
MHAT – Varna, Clinic of Gastroenterology
3, Hr. Smirnenski, Blvd.
9000, Varna
е-mail: kotzev@mnet.bg