Issue 12/2025
Ivanova, Y.
DCC VIII – Sofia
Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as two or more UTIs within six months, or three or more within one year. They are observed more often in women, but they also occur in elderly men with prostatic hyperplasia, with half of women suffering at least one infection at some point in their lives. The disease is extremely persistent and difficult to control, especially in the presence of risk factors such as female anatomy, frequent sexual intercourse, family history, congenital anomalies, autoimmune diseases. In recurrent urinary tract infections, long-term antibiotic treatment is highly effective, but very often the disease returns after discontinuation of treatment, side effects occur – most often gastrointestinal, antibiotic resistance is potentiated. It is recommended to start prophylaxis with alternative non-antibiotic agents, such as products containing lingonberries, beta-glucans, d-mannose, combined with good hydration, lifestyle changes, and improved hygiene habits. In postmenopausal women, it has been found that the application of a local vaginal estrogen-containing preparation reduces recurrent cases of UTI. A number of vaccines are also in development.
Address for correspondence:
Yana Ivanova
DCC VIII – Sofia
j.k. Nadejda, 77, „Hristo Silianov“, Str.
1220, Sofia