Issue 9/2023
Ivanov, K.
Acibadem City Clinic University hospital Tokuda – Sofia
Many diseases lead to the formation of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The differential diagnosis of ascites syndrome is broad. In each new case of ascites, its origin and characteristics should be determined. For this purpose, it is important that the diagnostic approach is structured and based on: history, physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound of abdominal organs and diagnostic paracentesis with the subsequent analysis of the results obtained from the cytological and biochemical tests of the ascites fluid. In recent years, data has accumulated on many potential new biomarkers to support the differential diagnostic approach in the diagnosis of ascites syndrome, as well as to detect complications, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, more easily and categorically. It is suggested that the study of different types of tumor markers, VEGF and the viscosity of the ascitic fluid, may contribute to distinguishing malignant from benign ascites. Markers such as Amyloid A, Serum CD64, calprotectin and micro-RNA-155 from ascites fluid, Interferon-γ-induced protein (IP-10), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) examined from ascitic fluid show good results for differentiating patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Initial results from studies of new biomarkers in the diagnosis of ascites syndrome are promising, but further studies are needed to confirm their diagnostic value.
Key words: Ascites. SPB. Tumor markers. VEGF. Calprotectin. Amyloid A. TNF-a. IL-6. Interferon-γ-induced protein (IP-10). Micro-RNA-155. CD64
Address for correspondence:
Ivanov, К.
Achibadem City Clinic UMBAL „Tokuda“, Sofia
51B, „Nikola Vaptsarov“, Blvd.
1407, Sofia
е-mail: krasenzdr@gmail.com