Issue 11/2025
Baykova, D.
Specialist in Nutrition and Dietetics, MC “Markovs” – Sofia
The article examines in depth the chemical composition, biological action and socio-medical aspects of cannabinoids – the main biologically active substances in the plant Cannabis sativa L. A scientifically based analysis of the main groups of cannabinoids is presented, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), with an emphasis on the difference between their psychoactive and non-psychoactive forms. The physiological mechanisms of interaction between cannabinoids and receptor systems in the human body (CB1 and CB2 receptors) are examined, as well as the processes of metabolism and elimination of these substances. The medical potential of cannabidiol as an anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticancer agent is highlighted, along with documented data on the risks arising from excessive use of THC – mental disorders, impaired memory, depression and functional impairment. Industrial hemp varieties with low cannabinoid content and their application in industry and medicine are analyzed. In conclusion, the need for strict regulatory control and a scientifically based balance between the potential therapeutic benefits and social risks of cannabinoid use is emphasized, in accordance with modern international and national regulatory frameworks.
Keywords: cannabinoids, hemp