Issue 6/2026
Kirova, Т., Genchovski, Р., Kalaidzhiev, А.
Department of Eye Diseases, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases and Oral Surgery,
Military Medical Academy – Sofia
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of reversible and potentially preventable vision loss in patients with diabetes. The past decade has seen a revolution in the therapeutic approach, from laser therapy as the standard to targeted pharmacological treatment, including anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroid implants, and combined multimodality regimens. This review summarizes the current data on new pharmacological agents, dosing regimens, the role of personalized algorithms, and future technological directions, such as gene therapy, long-acting implants, and novel biospecific molecules.
Key words: diabetic macular edema, anti-VEGF therapy, farisimab, Ozurdex, Iluvien, Treat-and-Extend, new therapeutic approaches
Address for correspondence:
Dr. Tanislava Kirova, MD
VMA – Sofia
1606, Sofia
3, „Georgi Sofiyski“, Str.