Issue 12/2024
Peev, K.
ENT clinic, UMHAL “Tsarina Ioanna – ISUL” – Sofia
Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy is a common finding during a physical examination in practice. The most common cause is associated with an inflammatory nature, but in a small percentage of cases it is a neoplastic process. Knowledge of the function of the lymph nodes, localization, lymphatic drainage and etiological factors is the basis for understanding the problem.
The etiology of lymphadenopathy can be caused by viral, bacterial and less commonly mycotic factors. Although less commonly, lymphadenitis can be due to lymphoproliferative disease or metastatic secondary process.
A detailed history, local status and imaging studies – ultrasound, CT or MRI – should be taken to make the diagnosis. In cases of lymphadenitis that does not respond to treatment, a biopsy is required.
Enlarged lymph nodes in children are usually benign and are associated with infection. There are exceptions to the rule, such as chronic infections, malignancy, or autoimmune conditions.
In cases of lymphadenopathy lasting > 4 weeks, regardless of age, failure to respond to conservative treatment, generalized lymphadenopathy, male gender, and systemic signs (such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly), biopsy is recommended.
Address for correspondence:
Dr. Kilil Peev
University Hospital “Tsarina Ioanna – ISUL” – Sofia,
ENT clinc
8, „Byalo More“, Str.
1527, Sofia