Issue 10/2023
Paskalev, D.
Medical University – Varna
Eating disorders are divided traditionally in two categories: anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). AN is defined with behavioral and psychological characteristics including restriction of food intake which results in marked weight loss, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbance of body image. BN involves the uncontrolled eating of an abnormal large amount of food in a short period of time, followed of self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise. About 95% of patients with eating disorders are between 12 and 25 years of age, and 90% of them are female. AN has the highest mortality of any psychiatric disease with prevalence of about 0,3% in young women. The etiology of these disorders remains unknown and is probably multifactorial. Environmental influences include societal idealization about weight and body shape. Twin studies and other research suggest a genetic link. Some authors reported a relationship between zinc deficiency and leptin dysregulation. In patients with eating disorders many organ systems are impaired leading to heart complications (arrhythmias), hypothalamic dysfunction, osteoporosis, edema, vitamin and mineral deficiency. Treatment is most effective when it incudes a multidisciplinary, team-based approach. About 50% of patients with AN recovery, about 30% achieve only partial recovery, and 20% remain chronical ill. The prognosis of BN is more favorable, with up to 80% of patients achieving remission with therapy.
Key words: eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
Address for correspondence:
Paskalev, D.
Medical College, Medical University of Varna
55, „Marin Drinov“, Str.
9000, Varna
e-mail: dobrinpaskalev@yahoo.com